Kejadian 37:18-19

37:18 Now Joseph’s brothers ¹  saw him from a distance, and before he reached them, they plotted to kill him. 37:19 They said to one another, “Here comes this master of dreams! ² 

Kejadian 37:1

Joseph’s Dreams

37:1 But Jacob lived in the land where his father had stayed, ³  in the land of Canaan. ⁴ 

1 Samuel 19:3-15

19:3 I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are. I will speak about you to my father. When I find out what the problem is, ⁵  I will let you know.”

19:4 So Jonathan spoke on David’s behalf ⁶  to his father Saul. He said to him, “The king should not sin against his servant David, for he has not sinned against you. On the contrary, his actions have been very beneficial ⁷  for you. 19:5 He risked his life ⁸  when he struck down the Philistine and the Lord gave all Israel a great victory. When you saw it, you were happy. So why would you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death for no reason?”

19:6 Saul accepted Jonathan’s advice ⁹  and took an oath, “As surely as the Lord lives, he will not be put to death.” 19:7 Then Jonathan called David and told him all these things. Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he served him as he had done formerly. ¹⁰ 

19:8 Now once again there was war. So David went out to fight the Philistines. He defeated them thoroughly ¹¹  and they ran away from him. 19:9 Then an evil spirit from the Lord came upon ¹²  Saul. He was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand, while David was playing the lyre. ¹³  19:10 Saul tried to nail David to the wall with the spear, but he escaped from Saul’s presence and the spear drove into the wall. ¹⁴  David escaped quickly ¹⁵  that night.

19:11 Saul sent messengers to David’s house to guard it and to kill him in the morning. Then David’s wife Michal told him, “If you do not save yourself ¹⁶  tonight, tomorrow you will be dead!” 19:12 So Michal lowered David through the window, and he ran away and escaped.

19:13 Then Michal took a household idol ¹⁷  and put it on the bed. She put a quilt ¹⁸  made of goat’s hair over its head ¹⁹  and then covered the idol with a garment. 19:14 When Saul sent messengers to arrest David, she said, “He’s sick.”

19:15 Then Saul sent the messengers back to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me on his bed so I can kill him.”

1 Samuel 20:31-33

20:31 For as long as ²⁰  this son of Jesse is alive on the earth, you and your kingdom will not be established. Now, send some men ²¹  and bring him to me. For he is as good as dead!” ²² 

20:32 Jonathan responded to his father Saul, “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?” 20:33 Then Saul threw his spear at Jonathan ²³  in order to strike him down. So Jonathan was convinced ²⁴  that his father had decided to kill David.

1 Samuel 22:14-19

22:14 Ahimelech replied to the king, “Who among all your servants is faithful like David? He is the king’s son-in-law, the leader of your bodyguard, and honored in your house! 22:15 Was it just today that I began to inquire of God on his behalf? Far be it from me! The king should not accuse ²⁵  his servant or any of my father’s house. For your servant is not aware of all this – not in whole or in part!” ²⁶ 

22:16 But the king said, “You will surely die, Ahimelech, you and all your father’s house! 22:17 Then the king said to the messengers ²⁷  who were stationed beside him, “Turn and kill the priests of the Lord, for they too have sided ²⁸  with David! They knew he was fleeing, but they did not inform me.” But the king’s servants refused to harm ²⁹  the priests of the Lord.

22:18 Then the king said to Doeg, “You turn and strike down the priests!” So Doeg the Edomite turned and struck down the priests. He killed on that day eighty-five ³⁰  men who wore the linen ephod. 22:19 As for Nob, the city of the priests, he struck down with the sword men and women, children and infants, oxen, donkeys, and sheep – all with the sword.

[37:18]  ¹ tn Heb “and they”; the referent (Joseph’s brothers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[37:19]  ² tn Heb “Look, this master of dreams is coming.” The brothers’ words have a sarcastic note and indicate that they resent his dreams.

[37:1]  ³ tn Heb “the land of the sojournings of his father.”

[37:1]  ⁴ sn The next section begins with the heading This is the account of Jacob in Gen 37:2, so this verse actually forms part of the preceding section as a concluding contrast with Esau and his people. In contrast to all the settled and expanded population of Esau, Jacob was still moving about in the land without a permanent residence and without kings. Even if the Edomite king list was added later (as the reference to kings in Israel suggests), its placement here in contrast to Jacob and his descendants is important. Certainly the text deals with Esau before dealing with Jacob – that is the pattern. But the detail is so great in chap. 36 that the contrast cannot be missed.

[19:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “when I see.”

[19:4]  ⁶ tn Heb “spoke good with respect to David.”

[19:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “good.”

[19:5]  ⁸ tn Heb “and he put his life into his hand.”

[19:6]  ⁹ tn Heb “and Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan.”

[19:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and he was before him as before.”

[19:8]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and he struck them down with a great blow.”

[19:9]  ¹² tn Heb “[was] to.”

[19:9]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew text adds here “with his hand.”

[19:10]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and he drove the spear into the wall.”

[19:10]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “fled and escaped.”

[19:11]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “your life.”

[19:13]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “teraphim” (also a second time in this verse and once in v. 16). These were statues that represented various deities. According to 2 Kgs 23:24 they were prohibited during the time of Josiah’s reform movement in the seventh century. The idol Michal placed under the covers was of sufficient size to give the mistaken impression that David lay in the bed, thus facilitating his escape.

[19:13]  ¹⁸ tn The exact meaning of the Hebrew word כָּבִיר (kavir) is uncertain; it is found in the Hebrew Bible only here and in v. 16. It probably refers to a quilt made of goat’s hair, perhaps used as a fly net while one slept. See HALOT 458 s.v. *כָּבִיר. Cf. KJV, TEV “pillow”; NLT “cushion”; NAB, NRSV “net.”

[19:13]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “at the place of its head.”

[20:31]  ²⁰ tn Heb “all the days that.”

[20:31]  ²¹ tn The words “some men” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[20:31]  ²² tn Heb “a son of death.”

[20:33]  ²³ tn Heb “him”; the referent (Jonathan) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[20:33]  ²⁴ tn Heb “knew.”

[22:15]  ²⁵ tn Heb “set a matter against.”

[22:15]  ²⁶ tn Heb “small or great.”

[22:17]  ²⁷ tn Heb “runners.”

[22:17]  ²⁸ tn Heb “their hand is.”

[22:17]  ²⁹ tn Heb “to extend their hand to harm.”

[22:18]  ³⁰ tc The number is confused in the Greek ms tradition. The LXX, with the exception of the Lucianic recension, has the number 305. The Lucianic recension, along with a couple of Old Latin mss, has the number 350.